Uric acid calculi are radiolucent and, by urinalysis, are yellow or red-brown, diamond or rhombic prism-shaped crystals. They are associated with urinary tract infections caused by urea-splitting bacteria (e.g., Proteus vulgaris, Providencia species, Pseudomonas species, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus species).Ĭ. They are the most common (40%) type of kidney stone and form when the urine is at an acid ( 7.4). Calcium oxalate calculi are radiopaque and, by urinalysis, are colorless ootahe-dral-shaped crystals that look like small squares crossed by intersecting diagonal lines.

(A-D reprinted with permission from Graff L: A Handbook of Routine Urinalysis. These are the least common (1%) type of kidney stone. (D) Photograph of cystine calculi shows that these kidney stones are colorless, refractive, and hexagonal-shaped crystals. These are the third most common (5%) type of kidney stone. (C) Photograph of uric acid calculi shows that these kidney stones are yellow or red-brown, diamond or rhombic prism-shaped crystals. These are the second most common (15%) type of kidney stone. (B) Photograph of magnesium ammonium sulfate (struvite or triple phosphate) calculi shows that these kidney stones are colorless, rectangular, prism-shaped crystals. These are the most common (80%) type of kidney stone.

(A) Photograph of calcium oxalate calculi shows that these kidney stones are colorless, octahedral-shaped crystals that look like small squares crossed by intersecting diagonal lines.

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